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https://presidentwilson.org/files/original/dac57a37a7b7dc55ff06c31c47eb0c61.pdf
86767b862fb3b2f5c0a737d40794f0f8
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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R. Emmet Condon Collection
Creator
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R. Emmet Condon
Date
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1919-1922
Description
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The Condon Collection consists of correspondence, memoranda, telegrams, official documents, and photographs originating during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The primary topic of concern is the issue of the Japanese acquisition of German rights and interests in the Shantung peninsula of China following World War I. A few papers in the collection involve the positioning of Greek troops in and around Smyrna.
Publisher
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Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library
Subject
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Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)
Format
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1 box of documents, photographs, a book, 2 letters signed by President Wilson
Language
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English
Type
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papers, photographs
Source
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Robert and Sally Huxley
Contributor
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Ashley Herring
Text
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Report
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<p><render as="underscore" rend="inherit">TREATY WITH <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">GERMANY</place></render>.<br /><br />The sources used in this Section, to which reference is made, are:<space dim="vertical" extent="1" units="em"></space></p>
<row width="95%" align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none">1. Minu<add>t</add>es of the Supreme Council, including:<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none"><space dim="horizontal" extent="2" units="em"></space>a. Council of Ten (B.C.).<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none"><space dim="horizontal" extent="2" units="em"></space>b. Council of Five (F.M.).<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none"><space dim="horizontal" extent="2" units="em"></space>c. Council of Four (I.C.) and (C.F.).<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none">2. Preliminary Conditions of Peace, definitive text of the Treaty and correspondence with the German Delegation.<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none">3. Minutes of the Commission on Belgian and Danish Affairs.<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none">4. Reports of the Commission on Belgian and Danish Affairs.<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none"><space dim="horizontal" extent="2" units="em"></space>a. Report on Revision of the Treaties of <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date>.<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none"><space dim="horizontal" extent="2" units="em"></space>b. Report of <date value="1919-03-19">March 19</date> on Belgian Affairs (territorial).<br /><br /></cell></row><row align="left" valign="top" border="none"><cell rend="inherit" rows="1" cols="1" align="left" valign="baseline" border="none">5. Report of Central Committee on Territorial Questions; German-Belgian Frontier.</cell></row>
<table width="90%" border="none"></table>
<p><space dim="vertical" extent="1" units="em"></space><render as="underscore" rend="inherit">PART</render> <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">III</render>. <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">Section</render> <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">I</render>. <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">Political</render> <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">Clauses</render> <render as="underscore" rend="inherit">for</render> <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place"><render as="underscore" rend="inherit">Belgium</render></place>.<space dim="vertical" extent="1" units="em"></space>The basis of this Section is the work of a Commission on Belgian Affairs which on <date value="1919-02-12">February 12</date> was charged to report on the rectification of the Belgian frontier with respect to <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place> and <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place> and a possible rectification of the Dutch frontier with the object of compensating <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Netherlands</place> for possible cessions to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>. The Commission was appointed in consequence of the presentation by <person reg="Paul Hymans" link-pointer-type="person">M. Hymans</person> of the political claims of <place reg="Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgim</place> before the Supreme Council on <del status="unremarkable">B</del><add>F</add>ebruary 11, 1918 (B.C.28). <person reg="Paul Hymans" link-pointer-type="person">M. Hymans</person> urged revision of the political and territorial arrangements imposed on <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> in <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date>, the annexation of neutral <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place> and of <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place>, closer political relations between <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> and <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Luxemburg</place>, absolute control of the <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Scheldt</place> <del status="unremarkable"><gap reason="illegible" extent="oneortwoword"></gap></del><add><place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">todits mouth</place> by <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place></add>, the transfer of the southern bank of the <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">S<del status="unremarkable">he</del><add>ch</add>eldt</place> and of <place reg="Limburg, the Netherlands" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Limburg</place> to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>, the compensation of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Netherlands</place> for this transfer at the expense of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Germany</place>.<br /><br />On <date value="1919-02-26">February 26</date> <person refurl="x4005041" reg="Andre Tardieu" link-pointer-type="person">M. Tardieu</person> stated on behalf of the Belgian Commission that it was uncertain whether or not the Commission had the power to hear Dutch representatives or to consider the questions of the left bank of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Scheldt</place> and of Dutch <place reg="Limburg, the Netherlands" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Limburg</place>. (B.C.40). <person refurl="x4004692" reg="Arthur J. Balfour" link-pointer-type="person">Mr. Balfour</person> considered that “the Conference had no power to ask <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Holland</place>, a friendly and neutral State, to cede any portion of its territory” and so the only question before the Commission was the “purely practical one” of inquiring whether it was feasible to alienate any portion of German territory to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Netherlands</place> in case <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Netherlands</place> should agree to make cessions to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>. “The Commission had not been asked to adjudicate on the value of the exchange. Only the Dutch could decide whether it satisfied them”. <person refurl="x4005041" reg="Andre Tardieu" link-pointer-type="person">M. Tardieu</person> considered that the terms of reference of the Commission should include also the legal status of the Treaties of <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date> since the violation of Belgian neutrality had destroyed the old international position of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>. <person refurl="x4004680" reg="Robert Lansing" link-pointer-type="person">Mr. Lansing</person> thought that the mere fact of violation had not invalidated the treaties, but he agreed that a revision might be necessary. The Commission was therefore charged with the study of the revision of the Treaties of <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date>.The Commission issued two Reports on Belgian affairs. One, on the revision of the Treaties of <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date>, presented <date value="1919-03-06">March 6</date>, was accepted by the Supreme Council on <date value="1919-03-08">March 8</date>, and is the basis for Article 31 of the Treaty.The second Report, dealing with territorial changes, was completed on <date value="1919-03-16">March 16</date>, and was passed on by the Central Territorial<ref refurl="DE82147899999999900_1" link-pointer-type="Note"></ref>These conclusions were taken from the draft prepared by the American delegation (Annex III to the minutes of <date value="1919-03-04">March 4</date>), except for a verbal modification in the last paragraph, as the American version “to create a regime for <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> in accordance with the League of Nations” was thought by some members of the Commission to imply a limitation on Belgian sovereignty.On <date value="1919-03-08">March 8</date> the Supreme Council (B.C.47) approved the Report of the Commission on Belgian Affairs with respect to the revision of the Treaties of <date value="1839-99-99">1839</date>.<br /><br />The conclusions of the Report were embodied in their present form in an article approved by the Council of Five (Foreign Ministers) on <date value="1919-04-17">April 17</date> (F,M,5).<del status="unremarkable"><gap reason="illegible" extent="1digit"></gap>r</del><add>Ne</add>utral <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place>.<br /><br />Article 32 corresponds to paragraph one of Article I of the Report of the Commission on Belgian Affairs. It was voted by the Commission at its fifth session, <date value="1919-03-06">March 6</date>.<br /><br />Prussian <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place>.Article 33 is based on paragraph two of Article I of the Report of the Commission on Belgian Affairs, which read:“<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Germany</place> renounces in favor of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> all its rights and titles over the communal woods and domania<del status="unremarkable">a</del><add>l</add> wood situated in Prussian <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place>”. In this form it was voted by the Commission at its fifth session, <date value="1919-03-06">March 6</date>. The cession, it was explained, was designed to repay <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> for the destruction of forests carried out by the Germans in <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>.<br /><br />In the Central Territorial Commission the wording of this article was changed to read:“<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Germany</place> renounces in favor of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> the sovereignty over the part of Prussian <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place> covered by the communal woods and the domanial wood, as well as all rights and titles over the said woods.”In the Treaty the boundary is defined in d<del status="unremarkable">e</del><add>i</add>fferent wording, the <place reg="Liege, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Liege</place>-<place reg="Aachen, Germany" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Aix-la-Chapelle</place> road being indicated as the frontier.<br /><br /><place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place> and <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place>.<br /><br />Article 34 is based on Article 2 of the draft articles in the Report of the Commission on Belgian Affairs. The Belgian delegation presented at the third session of the Commission, <date value="1919-03-01">March 1</date>, a map showing alternative rectifications of the Belgian-German frontier. On the proposal of <person link-pointer-type="person">Mr. Haskins</person> (<place reg="United States of America" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">U.S.A.</place>) the “green line”, based mainly on ethnog<del status="unremarkable">t</del><add>r</add>aphic considerations, was teken as the basis for discussion: the “black line”, based on the principle of military defense, was reserved for consideration in case the regime adopted for the left bank of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">the Rhine</place> did not offer <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> sufficient security. <del status="unremarkable">March 6,</del>At the fifth session of the Commission, it was unanimously decided to assign the whole of <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place> to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>. <person refurl="x4005041" reg="Andre Tardieu" link-pointer-type="person">M. Tardieu</person> (<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">France</place>) urged that <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place>, especially the mining district in the north of that Kreis, was economically oriented towards Belgium. Mr. Haskins (U.S.A.) and S<del status="unremarkable">u</del><add>i</add>r Eyre Crowe (Britain), however, reserved their opinion with regard to Eupen because <del status="unremarkable">i</del><add>o</add>f the mixed character of its population.At the seventh session of the Commission, the stipulation was added on the motion of <person link-pointer-type="person">Sir Eyre Crowe</person> (<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Britain</place>) with respect to the cession of <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place> “unless a majority of the population makes formal protest”. Discussion cont<del status="unremarkable">ai</del><add>in</add>ued on the <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place> <del status="unremarkable">s</del><add>c</add>ession, the British and American delegates poi<del status="unremarkable">j</del><add>n</add>ting out that <person reg="Paul Hymans" link-pointer-type="person">M. Hymans</person>, in presenting Belgian claims, made no mention of <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place>. It was agreed, however, that in any event <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> should have the unrestricted right of exploiting the mineral deposits of the Kreis of <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place> which are indispensible to the works of the <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Vie<del status="unremarkable">l</del>lle Montagne</place> in <place reg="Kelmis, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Moresnet</place>.At the eighth session of the Commission, <date value="1919-03-12">March 12</date>, <person link-pointer-type="person">Mr. Headlam-Morley</person> (<place reg="Great Britain" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Britain</place>) and <person link-pointer-type="person">Mr. Haskins</person> (<place reg="United States of America" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">U.S.A.</place>) withdrew their objections to the annexation of <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place>, provided the majority of inhabitants of this Kreis made no formal objection to annexation. The Commission adopted the Article in the following form:“<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Germany</place> renounces in favor of <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> all its rights and titles over the territories composed of the whole of the Circles (Kreise) of <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place> and of <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place>.<br /><br />Nevertheless, the population of the whole or part of the said territories may within six months after the coming into <del status="unremarkable">for</del><add>eff</add>ect of the present Treaty protest against this renunciation.It will be the duty of the Belgian Government to submit any such protest to the League of Nations, whose decision Belgium undertakes to accept.”The method of consulting the population of <place reg="Eupen, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Eupen</place> and <place reg="Malmedy, Belgium" rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Malmedy</place> indicated in the Treaty was inserted subsequently.<br /><br />Article 35, establish<del status="unremarkable">e</del><add>i</add>ng the international commission to delimit the Belgian-German frontier, corresponds to Article 3 of the Report of the Belgian Commission as amended by the Central Territorial Commission, The clause “taking into account the economic factors and the means of communication” was added by the Central Territorial Commission (eighth session, <date value="1919-03-26">March 26</date>) after <person link-pointer-type="person">Sir Eyre Crowe</person> had explained that the frontier line would intersect at two or three points are <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Petergronsfeld</place>-<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Reren</place>-<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Valheim</place> railway if it strictly f<del status="unremarkable">l</del><add>o</add>llo<del status="unremarkable">e</del><add>w</add>ed the political boundary indicated in the treaty.Article 36, on the nationality of inhabitants of the ceded territory, corresponds to Article 4 of the Report of the Belgian Commission, except that the change of nationality is dated from the time “when the transfer of sovereignty...has become definitive”, instead of “at the end of the six months” allo<del status="unremarkable"><gap reason="illegible" extent="1digit"></gap></del><add>w</add>ed for plebiscite. In view of Article 34, the phrases are equivalent in substance.Article 3<del status="unremarkable">8</del><add>7</add>, on the right of option, corresponds to Article 5 of the Report of the Belgian Commission, except as brought into uniform wording with analogous clauses in other parts of the Treaty.Article 38, concerning the return of archives and official records of all kinds to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place>, has no equivalent in the Report of the Commission on Belgian Affairs.The minutes at hand do not indicate the date of its insertion.Article 39, concerning the assumption by <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> of financial liabilities in consequence of annexation, had for its equivalent Article 6 in the Belgian Commission Report: “The territories referred to above will be acquired by Belgium free and clear of all charges”. In <del status="unremarkable">a</del><add>A</add>rticle 2<del status="unremarkable">6</del><add>5</add>6 of Part IX is the clause: “<place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> also shall be exempt from making any payment or any credit under this Article for any property or possessions of the German Empire or States situated in German territory ceded to <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> under the present Treaty”.<br /><br />The Supreme Council agreed on <date value="1919-05-03">May 3</date> that <place rend="inherit" link-pointer-type="place">Belgium</place> should enjoy the special exemption mentioned in Article 256 (I.C. 180 D).</p>
Numeric
Date
99999999
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Treaty With Germany, Political Clauses - Belgium
Format
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pdf file
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Publisher
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Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library & Museusm
Source
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Robert and Sally Huxley
Creator
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Slosson, Preston W. (Preston William), 1892-1984
Identifier
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WWP19037
Date
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No date
Contributor
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Ashley Herring